Conventional Gait Model

Introduction

The conventional gait model has many variations. The defacto standard is its implementation from Vicon and called Vicon Plug In Gait model (PiG).

This includes the following angles:

ANGLES		POSITIVE ROTATION	AXIS	DIRECTION	ANGLES		POSITIVE ROTATION	AXIS	DIRECTION
LPelvisAngles	1	Anterior Tilt	Prg.Fm. Y	Anti-clockwise	RPelvisAngles	1	Anterior Tilt	Prg.Fm. Y	Anti-clockwise
LPelvisAngles	2	Upward Obliquity	Prg.Fm. X’	Anti-clockwise		2	Upward Obliquity	Prg.Fm. X’	Clockwise
LPelvisAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Prg.Fm. Z’’	Clockwise		3	Internal Rotation	Prg.Fm. Z’’	Anti-clockwise
LFootProgressAngles	1	-	Prg.Fm. Y	-	RFootProgressAngles	1	-	Prg.Fm. Y	-
LFootProgressAngles	2	-	Prg.Fm. X’	-	RFootProgressAngles	2	-	Prg.Fm. X’	-
LFootProgressAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Prg.Fm. Z’’	Clockwise	RFootProgressAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Prg.Fm. Z’’	Anti-clockwise
LHipAngles	1	Flexion	Pelvis Y	Clockwise	RHipAngles	1	Flexion	Pelvis Y	Clockwise
LHipAngles	2	Adduction	Pelvis X’	Clockwise	RHipAngles	2	Adduction	Pelvis X’	Anti-clockwise
LHipAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Pelvis Z’’	Clockwise	RHipAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Pelvis Z’’	Anti-clockwise
LKneeAngles	1	Flexion	Thigh Y	Anti-clockwise	RKneeAngles	1	Flexion	Thigh Y	Anti-clockwise
LKneeAngles	2	Varus/Adduction	Thigh X’	Clockwise	RKneeAngles	2	Varus/Adduction	Thigh X’	Anti-clockwise
LKneeAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Thigh Z’’	Clockwise	RKneeAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Thigh Z’’	Anti-clockwise
LAnkleAngles	1	Dorsiflexion	Tibia Y	Clockwise	RAnkleAngles	1	Dorsiflexion	Tibia Y	Clockwise
LAnkleAngles	2	Inversion/ Adduction	Tibia X’’	Clockwise	RAnkleAngles	2	Inversion/ Adduction	Tibia X’’	Anti-clockwise
LAnkleAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Tibia Z’	Clockwise	RAnkleAngles	3	Internal Rotation	Tibia Z’	Anti-clockwise

References

These references have information on kinematic and kinectic calculations, as well as anthropometrics and repeatability of the model. The Vicon upper body model has not been validated in any peer reviewed journal papers and therefore there are no articles on repeatability of the upper body model.

A comparison of the accuracy of several hip center location prediction methods.
Bell AL, Pedersen DR, Brand RA
J Biomech23p617-21(1990)

Davis, R., Ounpuu, S., Tyburski, D. & Gage, J. (1991). A gait analysis data collection and reduction technique. Human Movement Sciences, 10, 575-587.

Kadaba, M.P., Ramakrishnan, H.K. & Wooten, M.E. (1987). J.L. Stein, ed. Lower extremity joint moments and ground reaction torque in adult gait. Biomechanics of Normal and Prosthetic Gait. BED Vol (4)/DSC Vol 7. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 87-92.

Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait.
Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME, Gainey J, Gorton G, Cochran GV
J Orthop Res7p849-60(1989)

Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking.
Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME
J Orthop Res8p383-92(1990 May)

Macleod, A. And Morris, J.R.W. (1987). Investigation of inherent experimental noise in kinematic experiments using superficial markers. Biomechanics X-B, Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 1035-1039.

On the estimation of joint kinematics during gait.
Ramakrishnan HK, Kadaba MP
J Biomech24p969-77(1991)

Ramakrishnan, H.K., Masiello G. & kadaba M.P. (1991). On the estimation of the three dimensional joint moments in gait. 1991 Biomechanics Symposium, ASME 1991, 120, 333-339.

Sutherland, D.H. (1984). Gait Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

Biomechanics of human movement with applications to the study of human locomotion.
Winter DA
Crit Rev Biomed Eng9p287-314(1984)